The course introduces students to a relatively recent tradition of philosophy that is dominant in the English-speaking world and gaining popularity elsewhere. This tradition focuses on a radical criticism of historically established philosophical (metaphysical) concepts from the perspectives of logic, language, and function, as well as on elaborating formal principles in various fields of human activity. Students will learn why philosophy of language has become the methodological foundation of this philosophical tradition. The course will acquaint them both with the ideas of the recognized classics of analytic philosophy (G. Frege, B. Russell, L. Wittgenstein, J. Austin, and others) and with contemporary philosophers (W. V. O. Quine, H. Putnam, D. Davidson, M. Dummett, R. Brandom, and others), whose work is characterized by a synthesis of formal-logical analysis and American pragmatism.